Discrete and Continuous Matter

Abstract

Current cosmology assumes the universe built up of baryonic matter, cold dark matter, and dark energy. Considering an invisible continuous matter with the embedded elementary particles as the only matter constituents, the changes of states in the universe can be explained everywhere and at different cosmic times in consistency with the experimental and observational data available today. The continuous matter expands to eliminate the tensions caused by its local gradients of mass density. These gradients started the universe’s expansion at supercritical mass density and provide its expansion until now. At a critical matter density the continuous matter produced the elementary particles by phase transition. In interacting gravitational fields, the continuous matter reduces its tensions by contraction. The contraction produces the impulses acting as gravitational forces on the discrete matter objects at the center of the fields. Radiation and gravitational waves result from the interactions of particles and other discrete objects of matter with the continuous matter, which transmits the waves through the space at the speed of light depending on its matter density. On this basis, the article discusses several changes of states on Earth and in the universe.

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